![]() ![]() #House committee on oversight and reform code#To direct the United States Postal Service to designate a new ZIP Code for certain communities in Wisconsin. Supporting the goals and ideals of "National Nonviolence Week" to raise awareness of youth violence in the United States. Įxpressing support for designation of the week of October 2, 2022, through October 8, 2022, as "Latex Allergy Awareness Week". To simplify the grant process for nonurbanized areas, and for other purposes. #House committee on oversight and reform free#Total federal funding for higher education hovers at around $190 billion annually.Īs long as "American taxpayers make a significant investment in colleges and universities," the letter argues, those schools "should be havens of free speech.Urging the people of the United States to observe the month of October 2022 as Italian and Italian-American Heritage Month. ![]() In 2019, government data show, the Department of Education doled out $830 million to the University of Pennsylvania, $370 million to Georgetown, and $1.2 billion to the University of Washington. The universities engaging in such censorship are flush with federal cash. In just the past year, the letter notes, Princeton University, Georgetown Law School, and the University of Pennsylvania have either punished or investigated professors whose views do not "align with ever-changing norms of political correctness." These cases reflect an empirically verifiable trend: Data from Acadia University's Jeffrey Sachs suggest that conservative professors are at least twice as likely as liberal professors to be fired for political speech. That partisan tilt may explain why university censorship disproportionately targets right-leaning faculty. The trend is even starker among college administrators, whose ranks have exploded over the past two decades and among whom liberals now outnumber conservatives 12 to 1. Between 19, the share of "conservative" and "moderate" professors dropped 6 and 13 points, respectively, a survey from the Higher Education Research Institute found, while the share of self-identified "liberal" professors rose by 18 points. The gap has grown as universities themselves have become more liberal. Only 31 percent of Republicans say that liberal and conservative views are respected equally on campus, according to a March poll from the American Council on Education among Democrats, the number is 57 percent. The Department of Education did not respond to a request for comment.ĭelivered just six weeks ahead of the midterm elections, the letter reflects the growing partisan divide over higher education. At the University of Washington, for example, administrators disciplined a computer science professor who refused to include a "land acknowledgment" in his syllabi. The letter states that the "proliferation of cancel culture" extends to public institutions, which are funded entirely by the taxpayer and bound by the First Amendment. "Unfortunately, colleges and universities are stifling free thought and expression." "Institutions of higher learning are places where faculty and students should test, develop, and fine-tune theories, thoughts, and ideas," Comer and Foxx write. Delivered to Biden education secretary Miguel Cardona on Wednesday, the letter rattles off a string of cases in which taxpayers have indirectly footed the bill for censorship, including the $620 million the Education Department sent to Yale University, where administrators investigated a law student for using the term "trap house" in an email. The oversight committee is requesting a briefing on what steps-"if any"-the department has taken to safeguard academic freedom on campus, according to a copy of the letter obtained by the Washington Free Beacon. Virginia Foxx (R., N.C.), the ranking member of the House Committee on Education and Labor. James Comer (R., Ky.), the ranking member of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, and Rep. ![]() House Republicans are investigating the Department of Education's dispersal of federal funds to academic institutions that "suppress free speech," according to a letter from Rep. ![]()
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For adults, it is a perfect way to reduce stress. Main goal is to create conditions for humans to live and build a rocket ship and fly to the moon Royal Planet Casino also has a great selection of casino. Besides, it is good for developing children's intelligence and improving their creative ability. It is a great toy for various parties and activities. Kids Globe Shape Craft Magic Controller Mini Drone Fly Toy With Lights Spinner 360 Rotating Ufo Safe Flying Ball Toys, Find Complete Details about Kids. Dont need a big area or a lot of space to take off with a flying ball. Tomzon Flying Ball Toys, Hover Ball Flying Orb Toy Hand Controlled Boomerang Flying Spinner, Magic Globe Shape Mini Drone with 360° Rotating RGB Lights, Gifts for Kids Adults Outdoor Indoor (Blue) 4. Endless Pleasure And Multi-Benefits: You can play with the flying orb ball indoors and outdoors. This remote control toys will absolutely bring endless fun for both kids and adult.Rechargeable and can be played over and over again AMERFIST Flying Ball Toys, Hover Orb, Globe Shape Magic Controller Mini Drone, RGB Lights Spinner 360 Rotating Spinning UFO Safe for Kids Adults(Blue) About. The indicator light comes on when charging and goes off when fully charged. #Flying ball toys globe shape magic controller portableIt enables various charging options such as charged by computer, power adapter, mobile phone, portable charger etc. #Flying ball toys globe shape magic controller full
![]() Secondly, they are all powered by some sort of battery. For one, all SCS devices come with a remote control that turns the system on and off and adjusts the settings. Though these types of systems all have their differences, there are three key aspects that all device types share. However, because batteries wear out over time, rechargeable devices eventually need to be replaced as well. As expected, rechargeable systems last longer than conventional systems, which means fewer procedures. While not as intrusive as radiofrequency systems, however, the patient is responsible for recharging the device’s power.
![]() ![]() Sending someone away who was fleeing his country or is possibly being trafficked wracked me with guilt.Įven allowing access to Arstotzka, sending visitors forth toward gun-toting guards with the dissatisfying "cause no trouble" mantra, signals that you aren't exactly welcoming them to Shangri-La. ![]() As my own family suffers, sympathy for some of those that entered my booth grew. The rules and regulations pile up, and resentment builds toward the so-called glory of Arstotzka. Offers of bribes become more enticing from would-be visitors to Arstotzka. "I'm sorry you need to work to feed your family, but the stamp on your work permit is incorrect."īut after a few days of receiving my pittance of a salary and trying to feed, clothe and keep my family warm, being the best border agent started to reveal itself as the less profitable choice. "I'm sorry you haven't seen your son in eight years, but your entry ticket is expired by a day." In Papers, Please, this translates to being the coldest, most merciless border agent this side of East Grestin. When I first sat down to play Papers, Please I approached it like many puzzle-type games: make the moves required to win or solve the puzzle. Pope is currently working on localizing it for some non-English markets. The game has been highly praised by critics for its innovation of design and originality. Hopefully they can understand that he's not a bad guy he's just doing his job." "One of my goals was to open up what people think about those interactions," he says. He says he wanted players to come away from the game with a new perspective on those border inspections. Pope says it wasn't until he introduced the story elements that the game really started to take shape. "The immigration inspection was just another one of those ideas." "I'm always looking at jobs and the structure of those jobs for ideas," says Pope, who currently lives in Tokyo. Papers, Please, created by game developer Lucas Pope, was born from his experiences traveling abroad, especially in Southeast Asia. It's this balance of decision-making, and choosing to either play by the rules and take care of your family or help others, that makes Papers, Please so engrossing. #PAPERS PLEASE PASSPORT MICHAEL SERIES#If you let someone into the country that should have been turned away, you are dinged with a violation and you earn less money to feed your family, who suffer an Oregon Trail-like series of illnesses and mishaps as the story progresses. Moral quandaries come in to play when you must decide on situations like a mother with an expired passport wanting to visit her son, or whether you should separate a husband with valid paperwork and a wife without. As you move forward, an engaging and developed story is playing out as well. Those who excelled at the "find the difference" puzzles in Highlights will be right at home.īut there is more to the game than just the structure and monotony of the task at hand. Attention to detail is key as you verify dates, names, ticket numbers and permits. With the satisfying and mechanical "ka-thunk" of your approval or denial stamp, each visitor to your tiny booth is sent on his way.Įach day grows more difficult as new rules and regulations are placed upon you, and the daunting array of paperwork you must shuffle through grows. ![]() The clatter of the metal shutter signals the start of your workday of checking passports, verifying various paperwork and stamping visas. Then it is off to your inspection booth, where the majority of the game takes place. You begin each day with a news bulletin and notes from your supervisor about who is and isn't allowed entry. Your job, as a single cog in the machine that is the Eastern Bloc-ish nation of Arstotzka, is to keep it safe from spies, saboteurs and outsiders.īut instead of protecting the citizens as a gun-toting hero, you are cast in the role of a nameless, faceless immigration inspector stationed at the border between Arstotzka and Kolechia, which recently ended a six-year war. From the Soviet-era opening score to the bleak colors and modest graphics, the oppressive tone of the setting is immediate. ![]() Those are the words that open the "dystopian document thriller" Papers, Please, an indie game that is about rules, order and structure. An apartment will be provided for you and your family in East Grestin. For immediate placement, report to the Ministry of Admission at Grestin Border Checkpoint. ![]() ![]() ![]()
Openssl for mac os x 64 Bit#Overall, OpenSSL 64 bit is a powerful utility for managing and creating public keys, private keys and certificates for all kinds of projects. Plus, a user must know a lot about cryptography standards and encryption algorithms to successfully use the library. An inexperienced user who is only familiar with graphical interfaces might have trouble in this case. These were addressed by updating OpenSSL to version 0.9.8zg. Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in OpenSSL versions prior to 0.9.8zg. Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. Openssl for mac os x mac os x#The console is where the tools are used in this package. Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later. Since it is an open source community, you can contribute your own material to it as well. Openssl for mac os x how to#However, there are numerous online resources available which explain how to implement algorithms. Cryptography algorithms which use public keys are also supported by the library, including DSA and RSA.ĭocumentation is not included with the download package. The console can be used to generate personal certificates and keys with AES, DES, SHA-1, or MD5. There are several encryption algorithms supported by this tool. There is even a command line tool which can give you access to each cipher and algorithm that is available. The “C” language was used to develop the main library. ![]() That way, sensitive information can be transferred safely online. Openssl for mac os x software#The software gives you a reliable method for generating security keys and encrypting data. They do this using authentication keys and data encryption which keep important messages confidential. ![]() SSL and TSL protocols are commonly utilized for securing online communications. This is basically an open source library which is compatible with several operating systems for securing data that you transfer online. TLS and SSL cryptographic protocols can be implemented into your projects using the OpenSSL tool. OpenSSL This project offers OpenSSL for Windows (static as well as shared). Openssl for mac os x install#I have used brew install openssl to download and install openssl v1.0.2f, however, it comes back saying: A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the system keychain. Links: Homepage Downloads Dependencies: None Version: 1.1.1a The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust, commercial-grade, full-featured, and Open Source toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) protocols as well as a full-strength general purpose cryptography library. While it is possible to provide flags to ssh-keygen using OpenSSL gives us access to options that are not avaiable in the standard Mac OS X version of SSH but doesn't require us to build the SSH client from scratch. In order to generate the key I prefer to use OpenSSL directly rather than the ssh-keygen tool. If the brew command is not found, you need to install Homebrew following their. Installation of latest stable release via Homebrew on macOS 10.13 or higher. OpenSSL is needed for PowerShell remoting and CIM operations. After installing PowerShell, you should install OpenSSL. Running brew link openssl and brew link openssl -force before solved the issue. Overall, openssl is a pretty invaluable toolkit that we’ll probably look at more and more on this site.Install PowerShell via Direct Download Install from binary archives. I was getting ''openssl/eos2.h' file not found' errors which were prohibiting easyinstall PyOpenSSL from completing. To test with port 25, assuming we can use a generic client again we’re going to change the port number and because SSL can work with smtp directly we’re going to use starttls to do so:Ī valid connection would result in similar output to the following:ĭepth=3 /L=ValiCert Validation Network/O=ValiCert, Inc./OU=ValiCert Class 2 Policy Validation could also initiate a new instance of an SSL listener, using s_server or just test the connection timer using s_time. We could test smtp using the same, whether you’re using port 25 and requiring a certificate or another port. The output would then look similar to the following:ĭepth=3 /L=ValiCert Validation Network/O=ValiCert, Inc./OU=ValiCert Class 2 Policy Validation Authority/CN= In the following example we’ll tell openssl to be a generic client (s_client) and connect (-connect) to over port 443: For example, if you have a web server you might traditionally attempt to telnet into port 80 and check you banners however, if you have an SSL certificate on it then you might be better served connecting to port 443 using the openssl command. For starters, you’re going to use the openssl to test connections. When you’re testing connectivity to servers and you’re using SSL on those servers then your traditional ways of testing connectivity may been a little augmentation. ![]() ![]() ![]() WARNING: This is not actively maintained! Manjaro builds 圆4 images for use on desktop. Plasma Mobile is now available on the AUR. During the setup process, simply select Plasma Mobile as the desktop environment. for GICv3 platforms X86 x86-64 support (Intel VTX) SMP support on x86. PostmarketOS is able to be run in QEMU, and thus is a suitable option for trying Plasma Mobile on your computer. Ive chosen to describe a UEFI-based system here so I can make use of the kernel. Qemu system x86 install#However, you can install Mobian and follow the instructions to add a 3rd party repo providing Plasma Mobile packages here. Debianĭebian does not package Plasma Mobile packages. Join the Fedora Mobility matrix channel to get details on the progress. QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports i386 and x86-64 emulation. Currently openSUSE provides Tumbleweed based Plasma Mobile builds. A new screen will open on the QEMU loaded with the Ubuntu. We can run QEMU to install Ubuntu or any other operating system. OpenSUSE, formerly SUSE Linux and SuSE Linux Professional, is a Linux distribution sponsored by SUSE Linux GmbH and other companies. Qemu is an open source virtual machine host app which can be used to emulate different operating systems on the host operating system. Be sure to also check the device’s wiki page for more information on what is working.Īrch Linux ARM has been ported to the PinePhone and PineTab by the DanctNIX community. View the device list to see the progress for supporting your device.įor devices that do not have prebuilt images, you will need to flash it manually using the pmbootstrap utility. ![]() PostmarketOS (pmOS), is a touch-optimized, pre-configured Alpine Linux that can be installed on smartphones and other mobile devices. ![]() It’s based on Arch Linux ARM, combined with Manjaro tools, themes and infrastructure to make install images for your ARM device.įor the PinePhone, you can find generic information on Pine64 wiki. This is my first post and Im still notxactly sure what I need to and dont need to provide. This will remove the qemu-system-x86 package and any other dependant packages which are no longer needed. Manjaro ARM is the Manjaro distribution, but for ARM devices. Please check the information for each distribution to see if your device is supported. You will see a welcome string after a successful boot.-nographic qemu-system-x8664 -nographic wheezy.qcow2 -nographic does the same as '-serial stdio' and also hides a QEMUs graphical window. Alex131089 If you want to have a throw-away image test.img based on base.img, then you can run qemu-img create -b base.img this way, you can keep base.img read-only and make test.img writable. Qemu system x86 serial#Listed below are distributions that ship Plasma Mobile. qemu-system-x8664 -serial stdio wheezy.qcow2 -serial stdio redirects the virtual serial port to the hosts terminal input/output. ![]() ![]() ![]() They may not be very realistic, as you get the best sounds when RapidComposer is controlling virtual instruments such as Omnisphere, EZKeys, or any realistic Kontakt library (found in Native Instruments’ “KOMPLETE” series). Clicking on a chord will open a chord palette, where you can choose from all the chords for the current scale. The master track contains the chords and scales for the composition. Please see the detailed feature list below. Now, this guy uses RapidComposer, but with realistic virtual instruments from Kontakt and such… the built-in sounds when you download RapidComposer are soundfonts (created by Attila, and myself). RapidComposer is a unique, non-destructive, parametric phrase-based music composition software. He truly has created something amazing that no other software developer has done yet, and with so many features.Ĭheck out some of the videos created by a very helpful member named “Yellukhan”: ![]() ![]() Six years after RC debuted, its fanbase grew exponentially, and I am really happy for Mr. RC 3.0 was released in spring 2016, and offered a lot more than 2.5. #Rapidcomposer without asio full version#I did all of this for version 2.5, and in exchange, Attila gave me a license for the full version of the software. But I discovered it, and saw its potential, so I emailed Attila, and offered to help him work a lot of the bugs out, and do a tutorial series on it, as well as help him develop phrases and new soundfonts which I created from scratch. When RapidComposer began, it had a very rough start, because it crashed so much. RapidComposer was created by Attila Mezei, a Hungarian software developer. In this vein, Asio should work with C++03. It appears that Asio's examples are filled with both C++03, C++11, and C++14 version. I invite all of you (especially those of you who love MIDI composition) to check out the demo. Asio might be using placeholder or smart pointers or even bind () function which were parts of boost and were included in C++11 std library. Now, RC has been updated to version 3.1, with a new user interface, and many more features. The plug-in is designed with ASIO/CPU footprint that allows use of many instances. #Rapidcomposer without asio update#I last talked about it a few years ago, as there was a big update to version 2.5. Music Developments Rapid Composer 4 v4.3.3 Incl Keygen WiN macOS-R2R. I played a big part in developing and popularizing this cool MIDI-based software, that allows you to quickly do a lot of cool MIDI stuff. I’ve moved to – That is my new home from now on, for this blog and ALL entries, past, present and future. Click the category/link at top of my site () that says “SONGWRITING/RECORDING TIPS”. ![]() ![]() ![]() One of the many regulations is that exterior walls of a manufactured home are to be tightly engineered to withstand multiple forces, and the weight of the roof bearing down on top of the walls. The HUD wind and storm regulations were implemented in 1980 and amended in 1994 requiring manufactured to comply home building standards in designated storm susceptible regions of the country indicated on the HUD Wind Zone Map of the U.S.A. Wind safety is one of the important requirements of this legislation. #Zone 2 mobile home wind rating code#The HUD Code requires manufactured homes to be in strict compliance with health and safety standards. Manufactured housing is the only form of single family housing subject to a federal code. Congress passed the National Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards Act, (HUD CODE). The advancements in manufactured home building technology and federal regulations specific to manufactured homes have contributed to a well documented wind safety record. That being said, the mobile home of the past and the manufactured home of today have little in common when it comes to wind and storm safety. ![]() What most don’t know, is that those images were sometimes sensationalized and did not necessarily reflect damage incurred by other types of homes in the path of the same storm. ![]() Many are those in storm prone areas of the country, and have vivid images of news coverage following tornadoes and/or hurricanes depicting “mobile homes” damaged or destroyed by high winds. (3) another state may prohibit installation of the home in a Wind Zone II or III area.Undoubtedly, there are potential homebuyers who may be somewhat reluctant to purchase a new manufactured home because of concerns regarding wind safety. (2) installation of the home is not permitted in a Wind Zone II county in this state and (1) the home was not designed or constructed to withstand a hurricane force wind occuring in a Wind Zone II or III area (d) A retailer who sells a manufactured home constructed on or after Septemto Wind Zone 1 standards must, before the execution of a mutually binding sales agreement or retail installment sales contract, give the consumer notice that (c) A manufactured home constructed before September 1, 1997, may be installed in a Wind Zone I or II county without restriction. (b) To be installed in a Wind Zone II county, a manufactured home constructed on or after September 1, 1997, must meet the Wind Zone II standards adopted by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. (a) Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Camron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kleberg, Matagorda, Nueces, Orange, Refugio, San Patricio, and Willacy counties are in Wind Zone II. ![]() So that is something that you would definitely want to know before looking to sell your home. By law, the new owner would need to move that home to a Wind Zone 1 area. The reason being, let’s say for example that you have a Wind Zone 1 home but it is located in Wind Zone II area. This is important information to have to be equipped with whether you are looking to buy a new or used manufactured home, or sell a manufactured home. However a Wind Zone II home can be placed in either a Wind Zone 1 or a Wind Zone II area. While a majority of homes in Texas and throughout the country are Wind Zone 1 areas, please make note below of the counties below that require a home to have a Wind Zone II certification.Īnother very important thing to note here, is that a Wind Zone 1 home can only be placed in a Wind Zone 1 area. The quickest way I can explain it is that you need to make sure that your home has the proper Wind Zone certification for the county that it is located in. If you are interested in buying a used manufactured home (aka: mobile home) in the Gulf areas in Texas, and other states along the coast for that matter, it’s very important that you understand Wind Zone regulations. Manufactured Home Wind Zone Regulations (Texas) ![]() ![]() ![]()
Microsoft did not mention that offline file storage would be available with the coming new OneNote app, so it's likely not going to be an option and will go away when OneNote 2016 reaches its end. That lack of offline file storage was a deal-breaker for some OneNote users who could not switch to online file storage for compliance reasons. #Microsoft onenote apps windows for windows 10#OneNote 2016 notably supported offline file storage, while the OneNote for Windows 10 app only used OneDrive, Microsoft's cloud-based storage service, for file storage. 14, 2025.Īlso back then, Microsoft had explained that the OneNote for Windows 10 app would lack some of the features that were available in OneNote 2016. OneNote 2016 will reach its end-of-life phase on Oct. ![]() That OneNote desktop app was called "OneNote 2016" back then, and it's still possible to use it. More than three years ago, Microsoft had indicated that the OneNote for Windows 10 app was going to be the successor to the OneNote desktop app available to Office 2019 and Microsoft 365 users. Microsoft's announcement of the new OneNote app may seem somewhat familiar. #Microsoft onenote apps windows full#We will follow up with the full list of features in a future announcement. While we won't be incorporating the entire list of features from OneNote for Windows 10 into the OneNote app, we are working to ensure that all the most loved features will continue to be a part of OneNote. Here's Microsoft's statement to that effect: The new OneNote app, expected sometime in the second half of 2022, isn't going to have all of the features found in the OneNote for Windows 10 app. However, this app still can be downloaded from the Microsoft Store and it'll work on Windows 11, Microsoft indicated. The coming new OneNote app will support existing notebook files created by end users.Ĭlean installs of the coming Windows 11 operating system, expected to be commercially released this year, won't include the OneNote for Windows 10 app. For organizations with OneNote for Windows 10 users, we will follow up with guidance for a smooth transition for your users. No action is required if all your users are already using the OneNote app. There are no actions for IT pros to take regarding this transition to the new OneNote app, Microsoft suggested: ![]() Microsoft also optionally sells "premium" OneNote features, which are available to Office 2019 and Microsoft 365 OneNote users. OneNote is offered for free, and the various app versions for different operating systems are described in this document. It doesn't apply to Android, iOS, macOS and Web browser users of the OneNote app. Microsoft's announcement regarding the new OneNote app just applies to Windows 10 and future Windows 11 users. "After the in-app invitation is available, we recommend updating to the OneNote app by October 2025 when both Windows 10 and OneNote for Windows 10 will reach end-of-support," the announcement indicated. 14, 2025 is Microsoft's final deadline to ensure that the new OneNote app is in place. The use of unpatched apps can be a security risk. ![]() Being out of support means that the app may continue to work, but it doesn't get patches from Microsoft. They are both scheduled to fall out of support on Oct. The OneNote for Windows 10 app is going to reach its end-of-life phase in about four years, along with Windows 10 itself. These invitations will start to appear in "the second half of 2022," the announcement indicated. OneNote for Windows 10 app users will get at an invitation within the app encouraging a switch to the new one. Microsoft announced on Thursday that it's planning to replace the OneNote for Windows 10 app with a new OneNote app. ![]() ![]() ![]() Here, we demonstrate a convenient and quantitative approach to relate Δ E ST to the frontier orbital overlap and separation distance via a set of newly developed parameters using natural transition orbital analysis to consider whole pictures of electron transitions for both the lowest singlet (S 1) and triplet (T 1) excited states. The variation of singlet-triplet splitting (Δ E ST) can provide useful means in modulating organic excitons for diversified photophysical phenomena, but controlling Δ E ST in a desired manner within a large tuning scope remains a daunting challenge. Top: σ interaction.Developing organic optoelectronic materials with desired photophysical properties has always been at the forefront of organic electronics. MO interactions between Fe and CO frontier MOs. And because the HOMO and LUMO of CO are big on carbon, you won't be surprised that the bond is Fe-C=O, not Fe-O=C. This "multiple bond" between CO and Fe(II) makes CO toxic. So what can happen is that the HOMO on CO makes a σ bond with the LUMO on Fe(II), and the HOMO on Fe(II) makes a π bond with the LUMO on CO. The HOMO is high, because 3d is not so stable, and the LUMO is low, because it is also 3d and not much higher than the HOMO (there is a gap because the other atoms around the Fe(II) in hemoglobin make the d orbitals different energies). Fe(II) also has a small gap between HOMO and LUMO, because it has 6 electrons in 3d orbitals. CO has a small gap between the HOMO and LUMO. The LUMO is a π* orbital that is also mostly on carbon, and it is kind of low-energy because the splitting of π MOs is smaller than σ MOs (because of less overlap). The HOMO is a slightly-bonding orbital that is mostly on carbon. Go back and look at the MO diagram for CO. We can understand how and why CO binds Fe(II) using MO theory. CO binds to the Fe(II) more tightly than O 2, so if you breathe too much CO, your cells won't get any oxygen, because all the Fe(II) in your blood bound CO instead. You use Fe(II) ions in your blood to bind O 2 and carry it to your cells. The reason CO is toxic is because it binds metal ions really tightly. You probably know that CO is toxic (which is why you shouldn't stay in a garage with a car running, because the CO from incomplete combustion can kill you). This is why if you want to store something reactive like K metal, you probably keep it in a bottle of oil. They do burn easily, but you have to get them hot first. Molecules with low HOMO and high LUMO, a big HOMO-LUMO gap, are not very reactive! Hydrocarbons are a good example (like oil, etc). Diagrams of acid/base, redox, and both reactions. You can still predict covalent/ionic bonding based on electronegativity. This depends on the AO energies, which depends on the electronegativity, just like you would expect. Often the energy match is bad, so that no covalent bond forms, just the electron moves. In a redox reaction, the oxidant has a low LUMO, and the reductant has a high HOMO, but this time the oxidant LUMO is lower than the reductant HOMO, so that the electrons in the reductant HOMO move completely to the oxidant LUMO. This creates a bond between the acid and base. A low LUMO usually means an empty valence orbital, like on B or on a cation.) We can make a bonding and anti-bonding combination of the base HOMO and acid LUMO, and that will stabilize the electrons from the base's HOMO, lowering the total energy. (A lone pair in MO theory is an electron pair in a non-bonding MO. What this really means is that the base has a HOMO that is pretty high-energy (a lone pair), and the acid has a LUMO that is pretty low energy. In a Lewis acid/base reaction, an electron pair from the base is shared with the acid. Earlier, we said that most reactions can be called either Lewis acid/base or redox. LUMO is Lowest Unoccupied MO, the lowest-energy MO that doesn't have any electrons in it.įrontier MOs are very important for reactivity. HOMO is Highest Occupied MO, the highest-energy MO that has electrons in it. The frontier MOs are called the HOMO and the LUMO. In this case, we are interested in the MOs at the border between occupied and empty. Distinguish and describe the significance of frontier MOsįrontier means a border area, between two things (often, between 2 countries). ![]() |
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